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Pod 健康检查

This example shows two types of pod health checks: HTTP checks and container execution checks.

The exec-liveness.yaml demonstrates the container execution check.

exec-liveness.yaml
 
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  labels:
    test: liveness
  name: liveness-exec
spec:
  containers:
  - args:
    - /bin/sh
    - -c
    - echo ok > /tmp/health; sleep 10; rm -rf /tmp/health; sleep 600
    image: gcr.io/google_containers/busybox
    livenessProbe:
      exec:
        command:
        - cat
        - /tmp/health
      initialDelaySeconds: 15
      timeoutSeconds: 1
    name: liveness

Kubelet executes the command cat /tmp/health in the container and reports failure if the command returns a non-zero exit code.

Note that the container removes the /tmp/health file after 10 seconds,

echo ok > /tmp/health; sleep 10; rm -rf /tmp/health; sleep 600

so when Kubelet executes the health check 15 seconds (defined by initialDelaySeconds) after the container started, the check would fail.

The http-liveness.yaml demonstrates the HTTP check.

http-liveness.yaml
 
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  labels:
    test: liveness
  name: liveness-http
spec:
  containers:
  - args:
    - /server
    image: gcr.io/google_containers/liveness
    livenessProbe:
      httpGet:
        path: /healthz
        port: 8080
        httpHeaders:
          - name: X-Custom-Header
            value: Awesome
      initialDelaySeconds: 15
      timeoutSeconds: 1
    name: liveness

The Kubelet sends an HTTP request to the specified path and port to perform the health check. If you take a look at image/server.go, you will see the server starts to respond with an error code 500 after 10 seconds, so the check fails. The Kubelet sends probes to the container’s IP address, unless overridden by the optional host field in httpGet. If the container listens on 127.0.0.1 and hostNetwork is true (i.e., it does not use the pod-specific network), then host should be specified as 127.0.0.1. Be warned that, outside of less common cases like that, host does probably not result in what you would expect. If you set it to a non-existing hostname (or your competitor’s!), probes will never reach the pod, defeating the whole point of health checks. If your pod relies on e.g. virtual hosts, which is probably the more common case, you should not use host, but rather set the Host header in httpHeaders.

Using a named port for liveness probes

You can also use a named ContainerPort for HTTP liveness checks.

The http-liveness-named-port.yaml demonstrates the named-port HTTP check.

http-liveness-named-port.yaml
 
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  labels:
    test: liveness
  name: liveness-http
spec:
  containers:
  - args:
    - /server
    image: gcr.io/google_containers/liveness
    ports:
     - name: liveness-port
       containerPort: 8080
       hostPort: 8080
    livenessProbe:
      httpGet:
        path: /healthz
        port: liveness-port
        httpHeaders:
          - name: X-Custom-Header
            value: Awesome
      initialDelaySeconds: 15
      timeoutSeconds: 1
    name: liveness

This guide has more information on health checks.

Get your hands dirty

To show the health check is actually working, first create the pods:

$ kubectl create -f docs/user-guide/liveness/exec-liveness.yaml
$ kubectl create -f docs/user-guide/liveness/http-liveness.yaml

Check the status of the pods once they are created:

$ kubectl get pods
NAME                                           READY     STATUS       RESTARTS   AGE
[...]
liveness-exec                                  1/1       Running      0          13s
liveness-http                                  1/1       Running      0          13s

Check the status half a minute later, you will see the container restart count being incremented:

$ kubectl get pods
NAME                                           READY     STATUS       RESTARTS   AGE
[...]
liveness-exec                                  1/1       Running      1          36s
liveness-http                                  1/1       Running      1          36s

At the bottom of the kubectl describe output there are messages indicating that the liveness probes have failed, and the containers have been killed and recreated.

$ kubectl describe pods liveness-exec
[...]
Sat, 27 Jun 2015 13:43:03 +0200    Sat, 27 Jun 2015 13:44:34 +0200    4    {kubelet kubernetes-node-6fbi}    spec.containers{liveness}    unhealthy  Liveness probe failed: cat: can't open '/tmp/health': No such file or directory
Sat, 27 Jun 2015 13:44:44 +0200    Sat, 27 Jun 2015 13:44:44 +0200    1    {kubelet kubernetes-node-6fbi}    spec.containers{liveness}    killing    Killing with docker id 65b52d62c635
Sat, 27 Jun 2015 13:44:44 +0200    Sat, 27 Jun 2015 13:44:44 +0200    1    {kubelet kubernetes-node-6fbi}    spec.containers{liveness}    created    Created with docker id ed6bb004ee10
Sat, 27 Jun 2015 13:44:44 +0200    Sat, 27 Jun 2015 13:44:44 +0200    1    {kubelet kubernetes-node-6fbi}    spec.containers{liveness}    started    Started with docker id ed6bb004ee10

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